Matthew 23

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Photo of three cups. One that is dirty on the inside, one that is dirty on the outside, and one that is clean

Imagine that there are three cups you can choose to drink from. The first cup is dirty on the outside, the second cup is dirty on the inside, and the third cup is clean.

• In what ways could the dirty cups represent hypocrites?

The word hypocrite is translated from a Greek word meaning “actor” and refers to one who pretends, exaggerates a part, or is deceitfully inconsistent in one’s actions. It “generally denotes one who pretends to be religious when he is not” (Bible Dictionary, “Hypocrite”). It could also refer to someone who pretends not to be religious when he or she really is.

As you study Matthew 23, look for truths that will help you avoid hypocrisy and become more like Jesus Christ.

As part of the Savior’s final public message during the last week of His mortal ministry, He condemned the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees. He pointed out that the scribes and Pharisees “[sat] in Moses’ seat” (Matthew 23:2), which means that they occupied a position of authority to teach the doctrine and interpret and administer the law. They considered themselves more worthy than anyone else in the synagogue.

Read Matthew 23:3–7, looking for what the Savior said about how the scribes and Pharisees were being hypocritical. Before you read, it may be helpful to know that “phylacteries” (verse 5) were small leather boxes that Jews strapped onto the forehead and left arm. Inside the phylacteries were small rolls of parchment that contained specific verses of scripture from the Old Testament. The Jews wore phylacteries to help them remember to follow God’s commandments.

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Combined image of two men wearing phylacteries and an image of the wailing wall in Jerusalem

After reading, you may also want to watch the video “Phylacteries” (1:06), found at ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

• According to verse 5, why did the scribes and Pharisees enlarge their phylacteries and “the borders of their garments”?

The Lord did not condemn those who wore phylacteries, but He did condemn those who used them hypocritically or enlarged them so that others would notice them or to make themselves appear more important.

In addition to warning the people not to follow the behavior of the scribes and Pharisees, the Savior also spoke directly to the scribes and Pharisees. He pronounced several woes that would come upon them for their hypocrisy (see Matthew 23:13–33). Woe means a condition of misery, distress, and sorrow.

Read Matthew 23:23–28, looking for what the Savior told the scribes and Pharisees.

In contrast to the scribes and Pharisees, the Savior never acted hypocritically. He taught the people not to consider themselves better than others, because they were all God’s children, equal in His sight. He testified that Heavenly Father is our Creator and that He, Christ, was sent by the Father and is our true Master who gives life (see Joseph Smith Translation, Matthew 23:6 [in Matthew 23:9, footnote a]; Matthew 23:8–10).

Read Matthew 23:11–12, and look for teachings that can help us overcome and avoid hypocrisy. In verse 12, the word exalt means lift, and abased means lowered, humiliated or less respected.

• What principle do you think Jesus Christ is teaching us in these verses?

The Savior taught that if we are humble and serve others, the Lord will lift us up. He will help us to become more like Him, and by obedience to His commandments and true repentance God will grant us exaltation in the celestial kingdom.

Read and reflect on the following statements. Identify the one or two statements you identify with most often.

• I pretend to be someone I’m not.

• I do good so that I can be noticed by others.

• I often think I’m better than others.

• Although I make mistakes, I honestly strive to live the gospel.

• I try to serve others and do good without seeking recognition.

• I try to be humble and not see myself as better than others.

Seek the guidance of the Holy Ghost as you identify any areas you can improve in. Remember that Heavenly Father and Jesus Christ love you and recognize any sincere effort to live the gospel. As you ask Heavenly Father for help, He will help you overcome any weakness or hypocrisy.