Konifelenisi Lahi
Ko Hono Maluʻi ʻEtau Konisitūtone Ueʻi Fakalangí
Konifelenisi Lahi ʻo ʻEpeleli 2021


Ko Hono Maluʻi ʻEtau Konisitūtone Ueʻi Fakalangí

ʻOku ʻomi ʻe heʻetau tui ki he ueʻi fakalangí ha fatongia makehe ki he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke pukepuke mo maluʻi ʻa e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo hono ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakakonisitūtoné.

ʻI he taimi faingataʻa ko ʻení, kuó u ongoʻi ke u lea fekauʻaki mo e Konisitūtone ueʻi fakalangi ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. ʻOku mahuʻinga makehe ʻa e Konisitūtone ko ʻení ki hotau kāingalotu ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ka ko ha faʻunga angamaheni foki ia ʻo e ngaahi konisitūtoné ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní.

I.

Ko e konisitūtoné ko e fakavaʻe ia ʻo e puleʻangá. ʻOkú ne fokotuʻu ha faʻunga mo ha ngaahi fakangatangata ki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi mafai fakapuleʻangá. Ko e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa e konisitūtone motuʻa taha kuo tohi ʻa ia ʻoku kei fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he ʻaho ní. Neongo ko ha fanga kiʻi fonua siʻisiʻi pē ne faʻu fakatatau ki ai ʻi he kamataʻangá, ka ne vave ʻene hoko ko ha sīpinga fakamāmani lahí. ʻI he ʻaho ní, kuo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he fonua kotoa ʻa e ngaahi konisitūtone kuo tohí tukukehe ha fonua ʻe tolu.1

ʻI he pōpoakí ni ʻoku ʻikai ke u lea maʻá ha paati fakapolitikale pe ha kulupu kehe. ʻOku ou lea pē fekauʻaki mo e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻa ia kuó u ako ʻi ha taʻu ʻeni ʻe 60 tupu. ʻOku ou lea mei heʻeku ʻausia ʻi he fuofua ngāue fakalao ne u fakakaungatāmaki ai ko ha kalake lao ki he Tuʻi Fakamaau Lahi ʻo e Fakamaauʻanga Lahi ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. ʻOku ou lea mei heʻeku aʻusia taʻu ʻe 15 ko ha palōfesa lao ʻi ha ngaahi akoʻanga lao kehekehe, mo ʻeku taʻu ʻe 3 mo e konga ko ha fakamaau ʻi he Fakamaauʻanga Lahi ʻo ʻIutaá. Kae mahuʻinga tahá, ʻoku ou lea mei he taʻu ʻe 37 ko ha ʻAposetolo ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi, mo ʻeku fatongia ʻaki hono ako e ʻuhinga ʻo e Konisitūtone ueʻi fakalangi ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi heʻene felāveʻi mo e ngāue ʻo Hono Siasi kuo fakafoki maí.

ʻOku makehe ʻa e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití koeʻuhí naʻe fakahā ʻe he ʻOtuá naʻá Ne “fokotuʻu” ia “koeʻuhí ko e ngaahi totonu mo e maluʻi ʻo e kakano kotoa pē” (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 101:77; vakai foki ki he veesi 80). Ko hono ʻuhinga ia ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e konisitūtoné ko ha meʻa makehe ki he Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní. Neongo pe ko e hā ʻa e founga ʻoku totonu ke fakaʻaongaʻi ai hono ngaahi tuʻutuʻuní ʻi he ngaahi fonua kehe ʻo e māmaní, ko ha ngaahi meʻa ia ʻanautolu ke fakakaukauʻi.

Ko e hā ʻa e taumuʻa ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi hono fokotuʻu e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití? ʻOku lava ke tau vakai ki ai ʻi he tokāteline ʻo e tauʻatāina ke filí. ʻI he fuofua taʻu ʻe hongofulu ʻo hono fakafoki mai ʻo e Siasí, naʻe faingataʻaʻia e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻa ia ne nofo ʻi he fakahihifo mamaʻo ʻo e fonuá mei he fakatanga fakatāutahá mo fakalūkufuá. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻe taha ne hoko ai ʻení ko ʻenau fakafepaki ki he nofo pōpula naʻe hoko ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he taimi ko iá. ʻI he ngaahi tūkunga ko ʻení, naʻe fakahā ʻe he ʻOtuʻá ʻo fakafou ʻi he Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá ha ngaahi moʻoni taʻengata fekauʻaki mo ʻEne tokāteliné.

Kuo foaki ʻe he ʻOtuá ki Heʻene fānaú ʻa e tauʻatāina ke filí—ʻa e mālohi ke fili mo ngāué. Ko e tuʻunga fakaʻofoʻofa taha ʻo hono ngāue ʻaki ʻa e tauʻatāina ke fili ko iá ʻa e tauʻatāina kakato ʻa ha tokotaha ke fili mo ngāue ʻo fakatatau mo ʻene ngaahi fili fakafoʻituituí. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he fakahaá, ʻoku ʻalu fakataha ʻa e tauʻatāina ko ʻení pea mo e moʻui haʻisiá, koeʻuhí “ke lava ʻo ʻekeʻi mei he tangata kotoa pē ʻa ʻene ngaahi angahala ʻaʻaná ʻi he ʻaho ʻo e fakamāú” (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 101:78). Naʻe fakahā ʻe he ʻEikí, “Ko ia, ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke pōpula ha tangata ki ha tokotaha kehe” (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 101:79). ʻOku ʻuhinga lelei ʻeni ʻoku hala ʻa e fakapōpula fakaētangatá. ʻOku fakamahino mai ai ʻoku ʻikai totonu ʻa e nofo pōpulá, pea, fakatatau ki he tefitoʻi moʻoni tatau, ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke taʻe-ʻi ai ha leʻo ʻo e kakai ʻo e fonuá ʻi he fili honau kau takí pe ko hono faʻu ʻo ʻenau ngaahi laó.

II.

ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga ʻetau tui naʻe ueʻi fakalangi e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke pehē naʻe hiki e foʻi lea mo e kupuʻi lea kotoa pē ʻi ha fakahā fakalangi, ʻo hangē ko e konga ʻoku ʻasi ai ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau fakafofonga mei he siteiti takitaha pe ko e taʻu motuʻa siʻisiʻi taha ʻo e tokotaha takitaha.2 Naʻe pehē ʻe Palesiteni J. Lūpeni Kalake, ko e Konisitūtoné, “ko ha tohi ia kuo [teʻeki] maau mālie.” Peá ne toe pehē, “ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ʻoku tau tui kuo pau ke tupulaki mo matiketika ange ia ke ne feau e ngaahi fiemaʻu feliliuʻaki ʻo ha māmani fakalakalaka.”3 Hangē ko ʻení, ne fakatatafi atu ʻe he ngaahi liliu konisitūtone ueʻi fakalangí ʻa e nofo pōpulá pea foaki ki he houʻeiki fafiné ʻa e totonu ke filí. Ka neongo iá, ʻoku ʻikai ke tau mamata ki ha ueʻi tatau ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni Fakamaauʻanga Lahi kotoa pē ʻi heʻenau fakaʻuhingaʻi iá.

ʻOku ou tui ʻoku ʻi loto ʻi he Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ha ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni nai ʻe nima kuo ueʻi fakalangi .

Ko e ʻuluakí ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni, ko e kakaí ʻa e uho ʻo e mālohi ʻo e puleʻangá. Ne taku fakamāmani lahi ʻi ha taimi fuoloa ʻoku maʻu ʻa e mafai pulé mei he totonu fakalangi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻí pe mei he mafai fakakautaú, pea ko ha liliu lahi ia ke foaki ʻa e mafai pulé ki he kakaí. Ne ʻosi taukapoʻi ʻeni ʻe he kau filōsefá, ka ko hono fuofua fakaʻaongaʻí ʻi he Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga hono maʻu ʻe he kakaí ʻa e mafaí ke hanga ai ʻe ha kau fakafepaki pe ha ngaahi kulupu, ʻo fakamanamanaʻi pe fakamālohiʻi e puleʻangá ke fakahoko ha ngāue. Ne hanga ʻe he Kōnisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻo fokotuʻu ha puleʻanga konisitūtone fakatemokalati faka-lepupelika, ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ai ʻe he kakaí honau mafaí ʻo fakafou ʻi honau kau fakafofonga kuo filí.

Ko e tuʻutuʻuni ueʻi fakalangi hono uá, ko hono vahevahe ʻo e mafai kuo vahé ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi puleʻangá mo hono ngaahi vāhenga fekauʻakí. ʻI hotau puleʻanga fakafonuá, kuo toe liliu ʻi ha taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni foʻoú ni ʻi ha ngaahi fakatonutonu ueʻi fakalangi, hangē ko hono fakatatafi atu ʻo e nofo pōpulá mo hono foaki ʻo e totonu ʻa e kakai fefiné ke filí, ʻa ia ne u lave ki ai kimuʻá. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku hanga ʻe he Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻo fakangatangata ʻa e puleʻanga fakafonuá ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ha ngaahi mafai ʻoku fakaʻatā mahino pe fakatatau mo hono tohí, pea ʻokú ne fakataumuʻa e ngaahi mafai fakapuleʻanga kehe kotoa pē “ki he ngaahi Siteití takitaha pe ki he kakaí.”5

Ko e tuʻutuʻuni ueʻi fakalangi ʻe tahá ʻa hono vahevahe taau ʻo e ngaahi mafaí. ʻI ha senituli ʻe taha kimuʻa ʻi heʻetau Konivēsio Fakakonisitūtone ʻo e 1787, naʻe kamataʻi ai ʻe he Falealea ʻo Pilitāniá ʻa hono vahevahe ʻo e mafai faka-falealeá mo fakapulé, ʻi he taimi ne nau toʻo ai mei he tuʻí ha ngaahi mafai pau. Ko e taumuʻa ʻo e konivēsio ʻo ʻAmeliká ke vahevahe tauʻatāina e ngaahi mafaí ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau pule fakapuleʻangá, falealeá, pea mo e fakamaauʻangá koeʻuhí ke fetokangaʻiʻaki ʻe he ngaahi vaʻa ʻe tolu ko ʻení ʻa e ngaahi mafai ʻi he ngaahi tafaʻaki kehe ʻo e puleʻangá.

ʻOku kau ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni hono faá ʻi he ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻokú ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e totonu fakafoʻituituí mo e ngaahi fakangatangata ʻi he mafai fakapuleʻanga ʻoku hā ʻi he Totonu ʻa e Tangatá, ʻa ia ne toki fatu ʻa hono liliú hili ha taʻu ʻe tolu mei hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e Konisitūtoné. Naʻe ʻikai ko ha meʻa foʻou e Totonu ʻa e Tangatá. Naʻe fakatefito e taumuʻá ni ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ne fatu ʻi ʻIngilaní, ʻo kamata ʻaki ʻa e Tohi Konisitūtone Lahí. Ne ʻikai foʻou ʻeni ki he kau fatu Konisitūtoné koeʻuhí ne fakahaaʻi ʻi he ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni ki he totonu fakakoloniá ha ngaahi fakapapau pehē.

Ka ne taʻeʻoua e Totonu ʻa e Tangatá, ne ʻikai mei hoko ʻa ʻAmelika ko e fonua ke Fakafoki Mai ai e ongoongoleleí, ʻa ia ne kamata hili pē ha taʻu ʻe tolungofulu mei ai. Naʻe ʻi ai ha ueʻi fakalangi ʻi he fuofua lao ke ʻoua naʻa kau ʻa e tuʻunga fakalotú ʻi hono fili ha lakanga fakapuleʻangá ,6 ka naʻe mātuʻaki mahuʻinga hono tānaki atu ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotú pea mo e ngaahi fakapapau he ʻikai ʻi ai ha siasi pau pē ʻe taha ʻi he fonuá, ke kau ʻi he ʻUluaki Fakatonutonú. ʻOku tau vakai foki ki ha ueʻi fakalangi ʻi he ʻUluaki Fakatonutonú, fekauʻaki mo e tauʻatāina ki he leá mo e faiongoongó pea ʻi he ngaahi maluʻi fakataautaha naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi fakatonutonu kehé, hangē ko e ngaahi maluʻi ki he tautea faihiá.

ʻĪmisi
Ko kitautolu ko e kakaí

Ko e fika nima mo fakamuimui tahá, ʻoku ou sio ki ha ueʻi fakalangi ʻi he taumuʻa mahuʻinga ʻo e Konisitūtoné fakalūkufua. ʻOku totonu ke tau moʻulaloa ki he laóʻo ʻikai ki ha kakai, pea ke tau līʻoa ki he Konisitūtoné mo hono ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoní mo e founga ngāué, kae ʻikai ko ha tokotaha maʻu mafai fakapuleʻanga. ʻI he founga ko ʻení, ʻoku tatau ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē ki he laó. ʻOku fakafepakiʻi ʻe he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ko ʻení ʻa e pule aoniú, ʻa ia kuó ne maumauʻi ʻa e tuʻunga fakatemokalatí ʻi ha ngaahi fonua ʻe niʻihi. ʻOku ʻuhinga foki ia he ʻikai ha taha ʻo e ngaahi vaʻa ʻe tolu ʻo e puleʻangá ʻe māʻolunga hake ia ʻi he ongo vaʻa ko eé pe ke taʻofi e ongo vaʻa kehé mei hono fakahoko hona ngaahi fatongia fakakonisitūtone totonu ke fetokangaʻiʻaki ʻiate kinautolú.

III.

Neongo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ueʻi fakalangi ʻo e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ka ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe ha kakai taʻehaohaoá, kuo ʻikai ke nau fakahoko maʻu pē ʻa e taumuʻa totonú. Kuo toʻo ʻe he puleʻanga mei he ngaahi siteití ha ngaahi kaveinga mahuʻinga ʻo e faʻu laó, ʻo hangē ko ha ngaahi lao ʻe niʻihi ʻoku nau puleʻi e ngaahi vā fetuʻutaki fakafāmilí. Kuo uesia ʻi ha ngaahi taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ʻUluaki Fakatonutonu fekauʻaki mo e tauʻatāina ki he leá ʻi hono taʻofi ʻo e ngaahi lea fakamātatuʻá. Kuo fakahohaʻasi maʻu pē e tuʻutuʻuni ʻo hono vahevahe taau ʻo e ngaahi mafaí ʻi he fēfusiaki ʻa ha vaʻa ʻe taha ʻo e puleʻangá ʻi hono ngāue ʻaki pe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e ngaahi mafai ʻoku tuku ki ha vaʻa ʻe taha.

ʻOku ʻi ai mo ha ngaahi fakamanamana kehe ʻoku nau fakafeʻātungiaʻi e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni faka-Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. ʻOku hōloa e tuʻunga ʻo e Konisitūtoné ʻi he ngaahi feinga ke fetongi e ngaahi tūkunga fakasōsaieti ʻo e kuongá ʻo pehē ko e ʻuhinga ia hono fokotuʻú, kae ʻikai ko e tauʻatāiná mo e puleʻi fakatāutahá. ʻOku fakasiʻia e mafai ʻo e Konisitūtoné ʻe he niʻihi pe kau ngāue fakapuleʻanga ʻoku nau taʻetokaʻi hono ngaahi tuʻutuʻuní. ʻOku holoki e ngeia mo e mālohi ʻo e Konisitūtoné ʻe kinautolu ʻoku vakai ki ai ʻo hangē ha meʻa sivi ʻo e tuʻunga mateakí pe ko ha kupuʻi lea fakapolitikale pē, kae ʻikai ko hono tuʻunga māʻolunga ko ha maʻuʻanga mafai mo ha fakangatangata ʻo e mafai fakapuleʻangá.

IV.

ʻOku ʻomi ʻe heʻetau tui ki he ueʻi fakalangí ha fatongia makehe ki he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke pukepuke mo maluʻi ʻa e Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo hono ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakakonisitūtoné ʻi ha feituʻu pē ʻoku tau ʻi ai. ʻOku totonu ke tau falala ki he ʻEikí mo maʻu ha tui pea tau ʻamanaki lelei atu ki he kahaʻu ʻo e fonuá ni.

“Ko e hā ʻoku totonu ke fai ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí? Kuo pau foki ke tau lotua e tataki mo e ngaahi tāpuaki ʻa e ʻEikí maʻá e ngaahi fonua kotoa pē mo honau kau takí. ʻOku ʻasi ʻeni ʻi heʻetau tefito ʻo e tuí. Ko e moʻoni, ʻi he taimi ʻoku tau talangofua ai ki he kau palesitení mo e kau takí,7 ʻoku tau tuʻu ʻatā ai mei hano fakafaingataʻaʻiaʻi e ngaahi laó pe tuʻutuʻuní. ʻOku ʻuhinga ia ʻoku totonu ke tau fakaʻaongaʻi fakalao mo fakamelino ʻaki hotau ivi tākiekiná, ʻi loto ʻi he ngatangataʻanga ʻo hotau konisitūtoné mo e ngaahi lao fekauʻakí. ʻOku totonu ke tau faifeinga ke fakafiemālieʻi mo fakaleleiʻi e ngaahi palopalema ʻoku tālangaʻí.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi fatongia ʻoku kau ki hono poupouʻi ʻo e Konisitūtone ueʻi fakalangí. ʻOku totonu ke tau ako mo taukaveʻi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ueʻi fakalangi ʻo e Konisitūtoné. ʻOku totonu ke tau fekumi mo poupouʻi ha kakai poto mo lelei te nau paotoloaki e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ko iá ʻi heʻenau ngaahi ngāue maʻá e kakaí.8 ʻOku totonu ke tau hoko ko ha kakai faʻa ʻiloʻilo ʻoku tokanga ki hono fakahoko ha ngaahi sīpinga lelei ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapuleʻangá.

ʻI he ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e ngaahi fonua fakatemokalati kehé, ʻoku ngāue ʻaki ʻa e ivi tākiekina fakapolitikalé ʻi ha feinga ke maʻu ha tuʻunga ngāue fakapuleʻanga, (ʻa ia ʻoku tau poupouʻí) ʻi haʻate kau he filí, ʻi he ngaahi tokoni fakapaʻangá, ʻi heʻete hoko ko ha mēmipa mo tokoni ʻi he ngaahi paati fakapolitikalé, pea ʻi he ngaahi fetuʻutaki ki he kau ngāue fakapuleʻangá, ngaahi pātí mo ha kau kanititeiti. Ke ngāue lelei ha fonua fakatemokalati, ʻe fie maʻu hono kotoa ʻo e ngaahi meʻá ni, ka ʻoku ʻikai fie maʻu ke fakahoko kotoa ia ʻe ha tangataʻi fonua ngāue mālohi.

ʻOku lahi ha ngaahi palopalema fakapolitikale, ka he ʻikai lava ʻe ha paati, tūkunga pe ha tokotaha ʻo feau e ngaahi fiemaʻu fakataautaha kotoa pē. Kuo pau leva ke fili e tangataʻi fonua takitaha, ʻi ha faʻahinga taimi pē, pe ko e ngaahi palopalema fē ʻoku mahuʻinga taha kiate iá. ʻOku totonu leva ke fekumi e kāingalotú ki ha ueʻi fakalaumālie fekauʻaki mo e founga ke fakahoko ai ha ngaahi fili pea fakatefito e ngaahi poupou kehé ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku mahuʻinga kiate kinautolu fakafoʻituituí. He ʻikai ke faingofua. Mahalo ʻe fie maʻu ke liliu ʻa e paati ʻokú te poupou ki aí pe kanititeiti ʻokú te fili aí, naʻa mo hano liliu ʻi he fili kotoa pē.

Mahalo ʻe fie maʻu ʻi ha ngaahi taimi ʻe niʻihi ke poupouʻi ʻe he kau filí ha kau kanititeiti pe ngaahi paati fakapolitikale pe ngaahi faʻunga, he ʻikai lava ke nau fakangofua honau ngaahi tuʻunga kehé.9 Ko ha ʻuhinga ia ʻe taha ʻoku tau akoʻi ai ʻetau kau mēmipá ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei he fefakamaauʻaki ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé. ʻOku ʻikai totonu ke tau pehē he ʻikai lava ke kau ha mēmipa faivelenga ʻo e Siasí ki ha faʻahinga paati pe fili ʻi ha kanititeiti pau. ʻOku tau akoʻi e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni totonú pea tuku ʻetau kau mēmipá ke nau fili e founga ke fakahokohoko ai e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku mahuʻingá mo fakaʻaongaʻi e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ko iá ʻi he ngaahi palopalema ʻoku hoko maʻu peé. ʻOku mau poupou atu foki mo kole ki heʻetau kau taki fakalotofonuá ke nau poupouʻi, ke ʻoua naʻa hoko e ngaahi fili pe ngāue fakapolitikalé ko ha kaveinga ʻo e ngaahi ako pe fealēleaʻaki ʻoku fakahoko ʻi ha faʻahinga fakatahaʻanga pē ʻa e Siasí.

ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻene totonu ke tali pe taʻe tali ha faʻahinga fokotuʻu fakafalealea pau ʻoku mau pehē ʻoku ʻikai fenāpasi mo e tauʻatāina ʻo e tui fakalotú pe ko e ngaahi tafaʻaki mahuʻinga kehe ʻo e ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu ʻa e Siasí.

ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni ki he Konisitūtone ueʻi fakalangi ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo lotua ʻe tauhi mo maluʻi maʻu pē ʻe kitautolu ʻoku moihū ki he Tokotaha Fakalangi naʻá Ne ueʻi fakalaumālie iá, ʻa hono ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni maʻongoʻongá. ʻI he huafa ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí, ʻēmeni.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

  1. Vakai, Mark Tushnet, “Constitution,” in The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law , ed. Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó (2012), 222. Ko e fonua ʻe tolu ʻoku ʻikai ʻi ai haʻanau tohi konisitūtoné ko Pilitānia, Nuʻu Sila mo ʻIsileli. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he ngaahi fonuá ni ha talatukufakaholo fakakonisitūtone mālohi, neongo ʻoku teʻeki hiki fakatahaʻi e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni ko ʻení ʻi ha tohi pē ʻe taha.

  2. United States Constitution, article 1, section 2.

  3. “Constitutional Government: Our Birthright Threatened,” Vital Speeches of the Day, Jan. 1, 1, 1939, quoted by Martin B. Hickman in By the Hands of Wise Men , Ray C. Hillam (1979), 53. Naʻe maʻu ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ha fakakaukau tatau ʻo e Konisitūtoné, ʻo ne akoʻi ʻe hanga ʻe he kau faʻu palaní “ʻo fakatoka e fakavaʻé, pea ʻoku ʻa e ngaahi toʻu tangata ki muí ʻa hono langa e falé” (Discourses of Brigham Youngsel. John A. Widtsoe (1978), 359.

  4. ʻOku faitatau e ngaahi meʻa ʻe nima ko ʻení ka ʻoku ʻikai tatau ia mo e ngaahi meʻa ne fokotuʻu mai ʻi he J. Reuben Clark Jr., Stand Fast by Our Constitution (1973), 7; Ezra Taft Benson, “Our Divine Constitution,” Ensign, Nov. 1987, 4–7; and Ezra Taft Benson, “The Constitution—A Glorious Standard,” Ensign, Sept. 1987, 6–11. Vakai, Noel B. Reynolds, “The Doctrine of an Inspired Constitution,” in By the Hands of Wise Men

  5. United States Constitution, amendment 10.

  6. United States Constitution, article 6.

  7. Vakai, Ngaahi Tefito ʻo e Tui 1:12.

  8. Vakai Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 98:10.

  9. Vakai, David B. Magleby, “The Necessity of Political Parties and the Importance of Compromise,” BYU Studiesno. 4 (2015), 7–23.